History of Arda |
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Timeline of Arda |
The First Age, also known as the Elder Days,[1] was the first historical era in Arda that witnessed the creation of the races of the Children of Ilúvatar, their flourishing in Valinor and Beleriand, their feats against Morgoth and his final defeat by the combined armies of the Valar, Elves and Edain. Its most significant events are chronicled in the Quenta Silmarillion.
Overview[]
According to the Annals of Aman written by Elven loremaster Rúmil of Tirion, the beginning of the First Age was marked by the Awakening of the Elves, the Elder Children of Ilúvatar, upon the shores of Cuiviénen.[2][3] They were discovered by Oromë, and the great changes came about: the Valar battled against Melkor and besieged his fortress Utumno that was destroyed, while Melkor was brought in chains to Valinor. When Middle-earth became freed from his grasp, the Elves were invited by the Valar to the West, and many answered this summon but some chose to remain in Middle-earth. When the Great Journey of the Elves ended, and they finally came to and settled down in Aman, the significant period of peace followed. Melkor was imprisoned in the Halls of Mandos, and the Eldar dwelt in the bliss of the Two Trees of Valinor.[4] Middle-earth was still covered in the darkness under the Stars, but since they were untroubled by evil, the Avarin and Sindarin Elves and the newly awakened race of the Dwarves dwelt there, building their civilizations.[5]
The Years of the Trees of the First Age came to an end when Manwë released Melkor from his imprisonment. At first, the Dark Lord pretended friendly to the Eldar, but he quickly turned back to the darkness, wishing to corrupt them.[6] As a result, Melkor successfully sowed enmity among the Elves and obtained the aid of Ungoliant;[7] together, they killed the Trees and stole the Silmarils, and fled back to Angband.[8] Valinor was plunged into the Long Night, and seeking revenge against Melkor, whom he named Morgoth, the Black Enemy, Fëanor led a great host of the Ñoldor out of it and back to Middle-earth[9] near the end of the Age.[10]
So after the destruction of the Two Trees, the Valar made the Moon and Sun out of the last flower of Telperion and last fruit of Laurelin respectively, setting them in the heavens to give light to the World.[11] Thus the Years of the Sun began, and Men awoke at the first rising of the Sun, and after that time every following Age was counted in solar years exclusively.[12] After the Sun started its way through heavens and Men awoke, the First Age continued for almost another six centuries, around which its most important events were centered. There were a series of terrible Wars in Beleriand waged by the dark power of Morgoth against the Ñoldor, Sindar and Three Houses of the Edain, their Mannish allies. These Wars had begun in the Years of the Trees, but were refreshed after the arrival of the Ñoldorin Exiles. There had been Elves in Beleriand for uncounted millennia, but they were passive, and Morgoth had little to do with them; the Ñoldor, on the other hand, particularly the Sons of Fëanor, had come with the express purpose of opposing Morgoth and retrieving the treasured Silmarils stolen by the Enemy.[13]
Eventual conclusion of the First Age was marked by the last great battle of the Wars of Beleriand called the War of Wrath. After the voyage of Eärendil the Valar intervened and initiated the titanic struggle between their Host of the West and Morgoth's legions of the Orcs, Balrogs, Dragons and other monstrosities. After a little more than forty years of warfare the Dark Lord was finally overthrown and banished into the Timeless Void. During the conflict the entire landmass of Beleriand drowned, and therefore the most Elves departed over the Sea, while the Edain migrated to the island Elenna, and the Second Age began.[14] First Age lasted for 450 Years of the Trees plus 590 Years of the Sun, thus numbering in total 4,902 Years of the Sun, since each Valian Year was equal to 9.582 coranari (solar years).
Timeline[]
Years of the Trees[]
Year | Events | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Before the First Age | ||||
YT 1 | After the creation of the Two Trees of Valinor, with Telperion's first blooming the count of Time begins.
The Valar dwell in bliss in Valinor beyond the Mountains of Aman, and all Middle-earth lay in a twilight under the stars. Melkor sleeps in Utumno, while Oromë hunts the Enemy's beasts throughout Middle-earth. Melkor raises the Misty Mountains to hinder his efforts. | |||
1000 | The Valar hold council, for Yavanna and Oromë report that Melkor might rise once more in power.
They discuss the Children of Ilúvatar. Varda begins to fashion new Stars, and organize them and those already wrought into constellations, over the next fifty years. | |||
Years of the Trees of the First Age | ||||
1050 | Varda creates the Great Stars, setting the Valacirca in the north as a challenge to Melkor.
The first 144 Elves (Minyar, Tatyar and Nelyar) awake in Cuiviénen. Thus the First Age begins. Melian travels to Beleriand after ascending Taniquetil to see the stars. | |||
1080 | The first Orcs are bred by Melkor, for his spies discovered the awakened Elves, afflicting them with horror. | |||
1085 | Oromë discovers the Elves, and calls them Eldar. The Eldar are afraid of Oromë, and blame him for Melkor's work. | |||
1086 | Oromë rides back to Valinor and brings message to the Valar. Oromë returns to Middle-earth to stay with the Elves. | |||
1090 | Manwë resolves to make a great war upon Melkor.
Over the next two years Melkor is defeated by the Valar and flees into Utumno. | |||
1092 | The Valar partially destroy Angband and begin the long Siege of Utumno. | |||
1099 | The Siege of Utumno ends. Tulkas captures Melkor and chains him with Angainor. | |||
1100 | Utumnno is completely destroyed. Sauron evades his master's downfall and hides in Angband.
Melkor is brought back to Valinor and imprisoned in Halls of Mandos for three ages. The Chaining of Melkor begins. | |||
1101 | The Valar summon the Elves through Oromë. | |||
1102 | The Elves refuse to leave Middle-earth.
| |||
1104 | Ambassadors return to Cuiviénen and invite the Elves to return with them to Valinor. | |||
1105 | The first Sundering of the Elves: the Vanyar under Ingwë, Ñoldor under Finwë, and Teleri under Elwë, depart for Valinor. The Avari, under Morwë and Nurwë, stay in Cuiviénen. | |||
1115 | Second Sundering of the Elves: The host pass Greenwood the Great and come to the River Anduin. Some Lindar wish to stay there. Terrified by the Hithaeglir, a part of them go south led by Lenwë. | |||
1125 | The Vanyar and Ñoldor arrive in Beleriand. | |||
1128 | The host of the Teleri arrive in Beleriand. | |||
1130 | Elwë is lost in Nan Elmoth and finds Melian the Maia. | |||
1132 | Ulmo brings a mobile island (Tol Eressëa, and the Vanyar and Ñoldor are ferried to Valinor on it.
The Teleri seek for the lost Elwë. | |||
1133 | The Vanyar and Ñoldor arrive in Aman.
The Elves begin the building of Tirion on the hill Túna inside the Calacirya pass. | |||
1140 | Tirion is completed.
The Vanyar travel into Valinor, taking up abode on the slopes of Taniquetil. | |||
1142 | Yavanna gives the tree Galathilion to the Ñoldor. | |||
1149 | Finwë urges Ulmo to bring the Teleri to Aman.
Ossë persuades the Teleri to stay with him and teaches them shipcraft. Some Teleri stay in Beleriand and establish the havens Brithombar and Eglarest. Círdan becomes their lord. | |||
1150 | The kinsfolk of Elwë are left behind, calling themselves "Eglath", the Forsaken People.
Olwë and the most part of the Teleri leave Beleriand. | |||
1151 | Olwë and his people are called the Falmari upon arrival in Aman on Tol Eressëa. | |||
1152 | Elwë wakes from his trance and dwells with Melian in the forests of Beleriand. He is later called Elu Thingol and rules over his remaining Teleri kin, the Sindar. | |||
1161 | The construction of the Falmari's Alqualondë begins with the help of Finwë and the Ñoldor. | |||
1165 | The last of the Vanyar leave Tirion.
The Ñoldor strengthen their friendship with the Falmari. | |||
1169 | Fëanor, son of Finwë and Míriel is born.
The Ñoldor are taught smithing by Aulë, delighting in jewels and other labours. | |||
1170 | Birth of Fëanor, death of Míriel. | |||
1182 | Doom of Manwë concerning the espousals of the Eldar.[15] | |||
1185 | Finwë weds Indis. | |||
1190 | Fingolfin, second son of Finwë born. | |||
1200 | Second Age of Chaining of Melkor
Lúthien born in the Forest of Neldoreth.[16] | |||
1230 | Finarfin, third son of Finwë born. | |||
1250 | Fëanor devises new letters, called Tengwar.
| |||
1280 | Finarfin weds Eärwen daughter of Olwë. | |||
1300 | Turgon son of Fingolfin is born.
Finrod son of Finarfin is born. | |||
1320 | Orcs first appear in Beleriand.[16] Dwarves make weapons for the Sindar. | |||
1350 | Denethor and the Nandor befriend Thingol and the Sindar. | |||
1362 | Galadriel is born.
| |||
1400 | Melkor sues for pardon and is released from prison in the Halls of Mandos. | |||
1410 | Melkor dwells in Váli-màr and befriends the Ñoldor. | |||
1449 | Fëanor begins the making of the Silmarils. | |||
1450 | The Silmarils are made and Varda hallows them. | |||
1469 | Idril daughter of Turgon is born. | |||
1450 to 1490 | Melkor spreads lies among the Ñoldor. | |||
1490 | The Valar summon Fëanor who threatens Fingolfin with his sword. They exile him to Formenos and Finwë follows. | |||
1492 | Melkor appears before the doors of Fëanor and is rejected. He departs Formenos and meets Ungoliant. | |||
1495 | Ungoliant destroys the Two Trees of Valinor.
Melkor slays Finwë in Formenos and steals the Silmarils. Fëanor rebels against the Valar and arrives in Alqualondë, demanding the swanships of the Teleri. The Flight of the Ñoldor begins. | |||
1496 | Mandos appears before the Ñoldor and delivers the Doom of Mandos.
Finarfin and some of the Vanyar repent and head back to Valinor. His children, however, continue to follow Fëanor. | |||
1497 | Girdle of Melian set in the Kingdom of Doriath.
The betrayal of Fingolfin and his people by Fëanor in the Burning of the ships at Losgar. Death of Amras son of Fëanor. (1 version only) Dagor-nuin-Giliath is fought. Fëanor is wounded by Gothmog and dies. Maedhros meets with Melkor and is captured. | |||
1498 | Maedhros is chained on Thangorodrim. | |||
1500 | Creation of the Moon and Sun.
Fingolfin and his people cross the Helcaraxë and enter Beleriand. Battle of the Lammoth and death of Argon son of Fingolfin. | |||
Years of the Trees end. Years of the Sun begin. First Age continues. |
Years of the Sun[]
Year | Events |
---|---|
YS 1 | The Sun first sets sail. From now, the First Age is measured in the Years of the Sun.
Awakening of Men in Hildórien. |
20 | A festival is held among the Elven lords at the Mereth Aderthad. |
50 | Turgon and Finrod are told by Ulmo to establish refuges. These later become Gondolin and Nargothrond. |
52 | Finrod discovers the caves of Nulukkizdîn and soon begins building Nargothrond with aid from the Dwarves. |
53 | Turgon discovers the Vale of Tumladen. |
60 | Dagor Aglareb (Glorious Battle) is fought.
The Ñoldor, ruled by Fingolfin, start the Siege of Angband. |
c. 60 to 200 | Morgoth is absent from Angband, after discovering Men. Persuaded by Melkor's lies, some Men stop worshipping Eru Ilúvatar and turn to evil, but others revolt: the Atanatári. These travel to the West in search for the Valar, aided by Avari Elves and Dwarves. (According to Melkor's lies, Men now lose the gift to die at will as the result of divine punishment, and are doomed to lead short life-spans at the end of which death takes them by force.) Not true, According to The Silmarillion, based on Tolkien's notes, Men were intentionally created with shorter life spans ending with the Gift of Ilúvatar.
Finrod builds the fortress of Minas Tirith. |
64 | Turgon begins building Gondolin. |
65 | Finrod builds a tower called Barad Nimras ("White Horn Tower") on a cape of the Falas between Brithombar and Eglarest. |
c. 102 | Founding of Nargothrond.
Finrod hands over Minas Tirith to his nephew Orodreth. |
116 | Completion of Gondolin. Turgon's people begin the migration from Nevrast in secret. |
150 | The Dwarves renew their trade in Beleriand. |
155 | An assault upon Hithlum from the Firth of Drengist is defeated by Fingolfin's forces. |
260 | Glaurung ravages Ard-galen, but is driven back to Angband.
The Long Peace begins. |
310 | Bëor leads The First House of the Edain into Beleriand.
Men discovered by Finrod. |
320 | Maeglin is born in Nan Elmoth |
341 | Haldar and Haleth born. |
361 | Andreth, the daughter of Boromir son of Boron is born. |
389 | Birth of Hador, later Lord of Dor-lómin. |
400 | Return of Aredhel and Maeglin to Gondolin. Later that year Eöl and Aredhel die. |
432 | Birth of Beren Erchamion. |
c. 455 | Birth of Ereinion (later called Gil-galad), son of Orodreth. |
455 | Morgoth breaks the Siege of Angband in the Dagor Bragollach and kills Fingolfin in a duel.
Fingolfin's son Fingon succeeds his father as High King of the Ñoldor. |
456 | Húrin and Huor return from Gondolin to Dor-lómin. |
457 | Capture of Finrod's fortress of Minas Tirith by the forces of Sauron. Finrod's nephew Orodreth flees for Nargothrond.
Minas Tirith is renamed Tol-in-Gaurhoth, Isle of the Werewolves. |
460 | Barahir and companions are betrayed and killed.
Beren becomes the sole outlaw in Dorthonion. |
464 | Birth of Túrin in Dor-lómin.
Beren departs for the Kingdom of Doriath and first comes upon Lúthien. |
465 | Celegorm and Curufin are exiled from Nargothrond and journey to Himring.
Finrod and Beren are imprisoned in Tol-in-Gaurhoth. Finrod is slain by a werewolf, but Beren is rescued by Lúthien. |
466 | Beren and Lúthien achieve the Quest of the Silmaril.
Beren dies, and Lúthien abandons life. Lúthien pleads with Mandos and Beren and Lúthien are restored to life. |
469 | Beren and Lúthien return to life in Middle-earth, taking up their abode in Dor Gyrth i chuinar in Ossiriand. The Evil Breath, an illness out of Angband, takes the life of Urwen, sister of Túrin. |
470 | Birth of Dior Eluchíl on Tol Galen. |
471 | Birth of Tuor, son of Huor. |
472 | Siege and capture of the Havens of the Falas: Brithombar and Eglarest.
The Nírnaeth Arnoediad is fought, and the Easterlings betray the Ñoldor and the Edain. Deaths of Huor and Fingon, |
c. 473 | Birth of Niënor.
Death of Rían. |
490 | Death of Beleg.
Gurthang is reforged for Túrin, who becomes known as the Black Sword of Nargothrond, or Mormegil. |
495 | The Battle of Tumhalad and Sack of Nargothrond.
|
497 | Dior weds Nimloth. |
499 | Slaying of Glaurung.
Deaths of Túrin Turambar and Niënor Níniel in the Forest of Brethil. |
500 | Birth of Elwing, daughter of Dior. |
c. 501 | Death of Morwen. |
502 | Death of Húrin.
Thingol commissions the Dwarves to embed the Silmaril with the Nauglamír. |
503 | Thingol is slain, and Melian returns to Valinor in grief.
Kingdom of Doriath is sacked by Dwarves of Nogrod. Beren, Laiquendi and Ents destroy the Dwarves at the Battle of Sarn Athrad. Lúthien wears the Silmaril. Dior inherits and restores Doriath. Final Deaths of Beren and Lúthien. Dior receives the Silmaril. |
506 | Doriath is destroyed in the Second Kinslaying.
Dior, Nimloth, and their sons Eluréd and Elurín are killed. Celegorm, Curufin and Caranthir are slain. Elwing escapes for the Mouths of Sirion with the Silmaril. |
509 | Gondolin's location is betrayed by Maeglin. |
510 | Gondolin is sacked by Morgoth.
Deaths of Gothmog, Turgon, Glorfindel, Ecthelion, and Maeglin. |
525 | Eärendil weds Elwing at the Havens of Sirion.
Tuor and Idril set sail in their ship, Eärrámë, and leave Beleriand for Valinor. |
532 | Elrond and Elros are born to Eärendil and Elwing. |
538 | Third Kinslaying: while Eärendil is away the remaining Sons of Fëanor attack the people of the Mouths of Sirion, trying to claim the Silmaril.
Elwing casts herself in the sea but is brought to Eärendil by Ulmo. Eärendil sets out for Valinor to beg for aid from the Valar. Maglor begins raising Elrond and Elros. |
545 to 587 | The War of Wrath.
Most of Beleriand is sunk. The Sea of Helcar is drained through the Great Gulf. The plateaus of Mordor, Khand, and Rhûn rise from the former seabed. Eönwë takes the remaining two Silmarils from Morgoth. Morgoth's Iron Crown is beat into a collar around his neck and attached to Angainor. Maedhros and Maglor steal the Silmarils, but the jewels burn their hands and Maedhros jumps into a fiery chasm with his Silmaril whilst Maglor casts his Silmaril into the sea, the fate of Maglor is unknown. |
590 | Morgoth is thrust through the Door of Night into the Timeless Void
The Host of the Valar leaves Middle-earth and summons the Elves to remove to Aman and settle on Tol Eressëa; Círdan, Galadriel and Celeborn, Celebrimbor, Gil-galad and Elrond all elect to remain. A small part of the Ñoldor remain in Lindon, while some Sindar depart east and establish realms under Oropher and Amdír |
Terminology[]
- "The title of this second part, The War of the Jewels, is an expression that my father often used of the last six centuries of the First Age: the history of Beleriand after the return of Morgoth to Middle-earth and the coming of the Noldor, until its end."
- — Christopher Tolkien[17]
J.R.R. Tolkien did not give dates of the First Age in the Appendix B or in Quenta Silmarillion. In his original manuscripts such as the Annals of Aman from Morgoth's Ring and The Grey Annals from The War of the Jewels, Tolkien measured the First Age with the Years of the Trees (YT) or the Valian Years (VY) and then the Years of the Sun (YS) respectively.[2][18]
Robert Foster, among other Tolkienists, attempted to chronicle the First Age, using as convention the Years of the Sun as "First Age", keeping a format similar to the annals in Appendix B. For example, the twentieth Year of the Sun is referred to as I 20 or FA 20, though Foster admits that the definition YS 1 would be more accurate than FA 1.[19] Unfortunately, this convention creates the misconception that FA 1 was the first year of the First Age marked as such by the first sunrise, leading to the fanonical term "Ages of the Sun", which never appears in Tolkien's works.
However, in the Appendix F to the The Lord of the Rings J. R. R. Tolkien himself wrote explicitly that the Flight of the Ñoldor and their return to Middle-earth took place at the end of the First Age, thus meaning that the year labeled FA 1 was in fact placed near the end of that long Age.[10] Furthermore, in the Annals of Aman Tolkien mentioned that the First Age of the Children of Ilúvatar began in YT 1050 when the Elves awoke at Cuiviénen,[2] while in the twelfth volume of Histories he also pointed out that the First Age was the longest (of all Ages),[20] as well as in his Letter 131 to Milton Waldman, where Tolkien described the First Age as long.[21] Additionally, in The Nature of Middle-earth Tolkien also desctibed the First Age beginning with the Awakening of the Elves and ending with the Downfall of Angband.[3] Therefore, all of this signifies that the term "First Age" is required to be expanded before the first rising of the Sun, and indeed Robert Foster in his Complete Guide of Middle-earth undoubtedly defined events of the Years of the Trees following the Awakening of the Elves as an integral part of the First Age,[19] as well as both J.E.A. Tyler in his Complete Tolkien Companion and Paul H. Kocher in his Reader's Guide to The Silmarillion.[22][23] Karen Wynn Fonstad also attributed the events before the first rising of the Sun to the First Age in her Atlas of Middle-earth.[24][note 1]
It is quite possible that the term "Age of the Sun" was in fact "invented" by David Day,[25] a Canadian author whose books are widely criticized for their inaccuracies and misinterpretations of J.R.R. Tolkien's mythology.[26][27][28]
Chief battles[]
- The Battle of the Powers was fought exclusively between the forces of the Valar and Melkor, and the Elves knew only what the Valar told them about this disastrous clash during which the face of Arda itself changed significantly, since there were formed new seas and lands. The most part of the conflict was occupied by the long-enduring siege of Utumno, but in the end the Valar successfully crushed its bastions and penetrated it, dragging Melkor out and chaining him with the Angainor. Although the Valar demolished Utumno to the ground, some of Melkor's servants, most importantly Sauron and the Balrogs, escaped and sheltered in Angband waiting for their master's return.[4]
- The First Battle of the Wars of Beleriand was fought soon after the destruction of the Two Trees of Valinor and before the return of the Ñoldor to Middle-earth. After his own return to Middle-earth, Morgoth loosed legions of the Orcs upon Thingol and Círdan, at that time the two greatest lords of Beleriand. Though the Elves managed to save both their kingdoms of Eglador (Doriath), and Falas, the former was shrouded with magical Girdle by Melian while the latter was besieged by the Orcs who roamed Beleriand freely after this battle until the coming of the Ñoldor.[5]
- The Dagor-nuin-Giliath, so named because it was fought before the rising of the Sun, was fought soon after the arrival of the Ñoldor. Morgoth sent a raiding party from Angband to attack the Ñoldor encampment in Hithlum, but the Elves drove it back. Fëanor was killed. It is considered the second battle in the Wars of Beleriand, after one that took place during the Years of the Trees.[13]
- The Dagor Aglareb was fought about eighty-eight years after the return of the Ñoldor. Morgoth again attacked the Ñoldor, and (again) with no success. The Ñoldor became so bold as to besiege Angband for almost four hundred years. However, the Siege was of limited effectiveness, because the northern side of Angband on the north side of the Ered Engrin was unapproachable to the Elven forces.[13]
- The Dagor Bragollach began when Morgoth poured rivers of fire out of Angband, ruining the besieging Ñoldorin armies. The Ñoldor eventually mustered a defense, but their losses were severe. For instance, the green plain of Ard-galen had been permanently laid waste by the rivers of fire, and was now called Anfauglith, the Choking Dust; and the highlands of Dorthonion, which had been inhabited by Edain, were made inhospitable. This battle was mournfully remembered by the Elves for High King Fingolfin died in it, dueling Morgoth himself at the gates of Angband.[29]
- The Nírnaeth Arnoediad was the first battle to be started by the Ñoldor for the purpose of ending the power of Morgoth. They massed an army composed of Elves, Edain, and the Easterling houses of Bór and Ulfang allied to the Sons of Fëanor. The Elves and their allies came very close to Angband, but Morgoth's trickery had upset their battle plan, and Ulfang proved to be treacherous. The name Unnumbered Tears comes from the fact that the Elves' last hope of victory was utterly destroyed. The land of Hithlum was lost, the Sons of Fëanor were largely scattered, and the free peoples of Beleriand had been decimated. The forces of Morgoth made a heap of the Elven and Mannish dead in the center of Anfauglith.[30]
- The War of Wrath took place after Eärendil sailed to Valinor and persuaded the Valar to help those whom they had forsaken. The Valar gathered an army comprised of Maiar, Vanyar, and those Ñoldor who had stayed in Valinor. The Teleri refused their aid, due to the Kinslaying at Alqualondë, but consented to ferry the Host of Valinor in their famous ships. This battle marked the first appearance of the winged dragons, most notably Ancalagon the Black, but the Valar had the day. Morgoth was captured, and cast out of Arda, but his lands, as well as most of Beleriand, had been destroyed and sunk under the sea in the heat of battle.[14]
In other versions[]
In earlier texts, such as The Later Annals of Valinor, J.R.R. Tolkien referred to the 'First Age(s) of the World' rather than the 'First Age of the Children of Ilúvatar'. This variation had much earlier starting point, extending the First Age back to the creation of Arda, but consistently ended with Morgoth's defeat in Beleriand.[31]
Translations[]
Foreign Language | Translated name |
Afrikaans | Eerste Era |
Albanian | Epoka e parë |
Amharic | የመጀመሪያው ዘመን |
Arabic | العصر الأول |
Armenian | Առաջին Ղարաշրջան |
Assamese | প্ৰথম যুগ |
Azerbaijani | Birinci Dövrü |
Basque | Lehen garaia |
Belarusian Cyrillic | Першая эпоха |
Bengali | প্রথম যুগ |
Bosnian | Prvo doba |
Bulgarian Cyrillic | Първат Епоха |
Burmese | ပထမခေတ် |
Chinese (Hong Kong) | 第一紀元 |
Cambodian | សម័យកាលទីមួយ |
Catalan | Primera Edat |
Cebuano | Unang Panahon |
Cornish | Ooj Kensa |
Croatian | Prvo doba |
Czech | První éra |
Danish | Førsteæra |
Dutch | Eerstetijd |
Esperanto | Unua Epoko |
Estonian | Esimene ajastu |
Faroese | Fyrstiárstíđ |
French | Premier Âge |
Frisian | Earste âldens |
Finnish | Ensimmäinen Aika |
Filipino | Unang Edad |
Galician | Primeira Época |
Georgian | პირველი ხანა |
German | Erstes Zeitalter |
Greek | Πρώτη Εποχή |
Gujarati | પ્રથમ યુગ |
Haitian Creole | Premye Epòk |
Hebrew | העידן הראשון |
Hindi | पहला युग |
Hungarian | Első Korszak |
Icelandic | Fyrstur Tímabil |
Indonesian | Zaman Pertama |
Irish Gaelic | Chéad Ré |
Italian | Prima Era |
Japanese | 第一紀 |
Javanese | Jaman Pisanan |
Kannada | ಮೊದಲ ಯುಗ |
Kazakh | Бірінші дәуірі (Cyrillic) Birinşi däwiri (Latin) |
Konkani | पयलो युग |
Korean | 제1시대 |
Kurdish | Serdema Yekem (Kurmanji) |
Kyrgyz Cyrillic | Биринчи доору |
Laotian | ຍຸກທຳອິດ |
Latin | Prima Era |
Latvian | Pirmā laikmets |
Lithuanian | Pirmojo epocha |
Luxembourgish | Éischt Ära |
Macedonian Cyrillic | Првото време |
Malagasy | Andron'ny Voalohany |
Malaysian | Zaman Pertama |
Malayalam | ആദ്യ യുഗം |
Maltese | Ewwel Età |
Maori | Era Tuatahi |
Marathi | प्रथम युग |
Mongolian Cyrillic | Эхний үе |
Nepalese | पहिलो युग |
Norwegian | Førsteepoke |
Occitan | Primièra Èra |
Pashto | لومړی دوره |
Persian | دوران اول |
Polish | Pierwsza Era |
Portuguese | Primeira Era |
Punjabi | ਪਹਿਲੀ ਯੁੱਗ |
Romanian | Epoca Prima |
Romansh | Emprim Temp |
Russian | Первая Эпоха |
Samoan | Tausaga Muamua |
Sanskrit | प्रथम युग |
Sardinian | Primu Era |
Scottish Gaelic | Chiad Epoch |
Serbian | Прва доба (Cyrillic) Prva doba (Latin) |
Shona | Nguva yekutanga |
Sicilian | Primu Era |
Sindhi | پهريون عمر |
Sinhalese | පළමු යුගය |
Slovenian | Prvo doba |
Slovak | Prvý Vek |
Somali | Kowaad Da' |
Spanish | Primera Edad del Sol |
Sundanese | Kahiji Umur |
Swahili | Enzi ya kwanza |
Swedish | Förstaeran |
Tajik Cyrillic | Давраи аввал |
Tamil | முதல் காலம் |
Tatar | Беренче чоры |
Telugu | మొదటి యుగం |
Thai | ยุคแรก |
Turkish | Birinci Çağ |
Turkmen | Birinji Asyry |
Ukrainian Cyrillic | Перша Епоха |
Urdu | پہلا دور |
Uzbek | Биринчи даври (Cyrillic) Birinchi davri (Latin) |
Venetian | Prima Epoca |
Vietnamese | Thời đại đầu tiên |
Welsh | Yr Oes Gyntaf |
Xhosa | Ixesha lokuqala |
Yiddish | ערשטער עפאכע |
Yoruba | Akọkọ ọjọ ori |
Notes[]
- ↑ It is perhaps interesting that in their Reader's Companion to The Lord of the Rings both Wayne Hammond and Christina Scull also mistakenly identified the first sunrise wiith the beginning of the First Age, but later they corrected this: "p. 136, ll. 12–13 from bottom: For ‘only at the beginning of the First Age when the Sun first rose in the heavens’ read ‘when the Sun first rose in the heavens late in the First Age’."
References[]
- ↑ The Silmarillion, Index of Names, entry "Elder Days"
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 The History of Middle-earth, Vol. X: Morgoth's Ring, The Annals of Aman: "… in the Year one thousand and fifty of the Valar, the Elves awoke in Kuivienen and the First Age of the Children of Ilúvatar began."
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 The Nature of Middle-earth, XVII: "Generational Schemes", Text 2: "The First Age begins with the Awaking [of the Elves] and ends with the Downfall of Angband."
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter III: "Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor"
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter X: "Of the Sindar"
- ↑ The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter VI: "Of Fëanor and the Unchaining of Melkor"
- ↑ The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter VII: "Of the Silmarils and the Unrest of the Noldor"
- ↑ The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter VIII: "Of the Darkening of Valinor"
- ↑ The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter VIX: "Of the Flight of the Ñoldor"
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 The Lord of the Rings, Appendix F
- ↑ The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter XI: "Of the Sun and Moon and the Hiding of Valinor"
- ↑ The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter XII: "Of Men"
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter XIII: "Of the Return of the Ñoldor"
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter XXIV: "Of the Voyage of Eärendil and the War of Wrath"
- ↑ The History of Middle-earth, Vol. 10: Morgoth's Ring: The Later Silmarillion, Part One: The Legends of Aman, The Later Quenta Silmarillion: "Later Versions of the Story of Finwë and Míriel"
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 "Commentary on the fourth section of the Annals of Aman"
- ↑ The History of Middle-earth, Vol. XI: The War of the Jewels, Foreword
- ↑ The History of Middle-earth, Vol. XI: The War of the Jewers, The Grey Annals
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 The Complete Guide to Middle-earth: The Definitive Guide to the World of J.R.R. Tolkien, Appendix A: A Chronology of the First Age
- ↑ The History of Middle-earth, Vol. XII: The Peoples of Middle-earth, The Prologue and Appendices to The Lord of the Rings
- ↑ Letter 131: "Several tales of victory and tragedy are caught up in it; but it ends with catastrophe, and the passing of the Ancient World, the world of the long First Age."
- ↑ The Complete Guide to Middle-earth: The Definitive Guide to the World of J.R.R. Tolkien, entry "First Age"
- ↑ Paul H. Kocher, A Reader's Guide to The Silmarillion, Chronology of the First Age
- ↑ Karen Wynn Fonstad, The Atlas of Middle-earth, Introduction to the section "First Age"
- ↑ Tolkien: The Illustrated Encyclopedia, section "History"
- ↑ David Bratman's Home Page, "Recommended books on Tolkien"
- ↑ The Tolkien Meta-FAQ, "Notes on David Day's Tolkien Books"
- ↑ Parma-kenta, "Tolkien Transactions XXXIII"
- ↑ The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter XVIII: "Of the Ruin of Beleriand and the Fall of Fingolfin
- ↑ The Silmarillion, Quenta Silmarillion, Chapter XXIV: "Of the Fifth Battle: Nirnaeth Arnoediad
- ↑ The History of Middle-earth, Vol. V: The Lost Road and Other Writings, The Later Annals of Valinor