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Thorin II Oakenshield, one of the kings of Durin's Folk
Durin's Folk (also called the Longbeards) were a clan of Dwarves that inhabited in Erebor, led by Durin I, "The Deathless". He was succeeded by many generations of kings, among them appeared six others also called Durin. The Dwarves believed that these six were the reincarnation (or even resuscitation) of Durin I, with memories of their past lives.
History
During the Second Age, Durin's Folk began a friendship with the Noldor of Celebrimbor in Eregion.
In the middle of the Third Age, they were expelled by the Orcs. In TA 1980 their king Durin VI was killed. Thráin I, Nain's son fled along with his people to the Lonely Mountain where he founded the Lonely Mountain. During the reign of Thorin I son of Thrain was heard rumors greater wealth in the Grey Mountains. Thorin decided to leave Erebor and take his people to the north, where they lived in peace until the reign of his grandson Nain II when they began to be attacked by dragons. During the reign of Dáin I eldest son of Náin II one Cold-drake invaded his kingdom and killed him along with his second child Frór. Thrór the eldest son of Dain I now King of Durin's Folk, returned along with his uncle Borin and part of his people to the Lonely Mountain. His younger brother Grór left for the east where he founded the Iron Hills. Thrór ruled during long years of peace until a Fire Drake, Smaug, the last of the great dragons, descended from the north and sacked and took the Lonely Mountain. Durin's Folk became a nomadic people in exile. Many of them went to the Iron Hills and settled there. Thrór went insane, and tried to reclaim Erebor by himself, leading to his death at the hand of Azog. This started the War of the Dwarves and Orcs, which ended at the battle of Azanulbizar, where Azog was killed by Dáin Ironfoot, son of Náin II. After the battle, many of the Dwarves under the rule of Thrain II went to the west to the Blue Mountains and settled there. After 60 years Thrain's son, Thorin II, or Thorin Oakenshield, grandson of Thrór, was convinced by the wizard Gandalf to lead a company of 13 Dwarves and one Hobbit on a quest to recover Erebor. The quest lead to the death of Smaug at the hand of Bard the Bowman, and the great Battle of Five Armies against armies of Orcs, in which Oin, Gloin, Balin, Bifur, Bofur, and Thorin were killed. But Thorin's sacrifice led to the Kingdom of the Lonely Mountain being restored under the rule of his cousin Dáin II, who became King under the Mountain in TA 2941. He died in the battle of Dale at the end of the Third Age, fighting hordes of Easterlings in Dale. His people were then besiged. After Sauron was defeated, his son Thorin III Stonehelm and Bard II, the new king of Dale, defeated the Easterlings.