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'''Beowulf: the Monsters and the Critics''' is an important [[wikipedia:1936|1936]] lecture given by [[J. R. R. Tolkien]] on the subject of [[Beowulf]] criticism. It was published in [[1983]] in ''[[wikipedia:The Monsters and the Critics|The Monsters and the Critics]]''.
 +
'''Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics''' is an important [[wikipedia:1936|1936]] lecture given by [[J. R. R. Tolkien]] on the subject of [[Beowulf]] criticism. It was published in [[1983]] in ''[[wikipedia:The Monsters and the Critics|The Monsters and the Critics]]''.
   
 
This paper is widely regarded as a formative work in early 20th century ''[[Beowulf]]'' studies; some claim that without it, the poem, ''Beowulf'', might not be studied today. In this talk, Tolkien speaks against critics who play down the fantastic elements of the poem ([[Grendel]], [[Grendel's Mother]], the [[dragon]], etc.) in favor of using ''Beowulf'' solely as a source for Anglo-Saxon history. Tolkien argues that rather than being merely extraneous, these elements are key to the narrative and should be the focus of study. Later critics who disagreed with Tolkien on this point have routinely had to cite him and systematically defend their arguments.
  
This paper is widely regarded as a formative work in early 20th century ''[[Beowulf]]'' studies; some claim that without it, the poem, ''Beowulf'', might not be studied today. In this talk, Tolkien speaks against critics who play down the fantastic elements of the poem ([[Grendel]], [[Grendel's Mother]], the [[dragon]], etc.) in favor of using ''Beowulf'' solely as a source for Anglo-Saxon history. Tolkien argues that rather than being merely extraneous, these elements are key to the narrative and should be the focus of study. Later critics who disagreed with Tolkien on this point have routinely had to cite him and systematically defend their arguments.
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Nicholson, Lewis E. (Ed.) (1963). ''An Anthology of Beowulf Criticism''. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press. ISBN 0268000069
  
Nicholson, Lewis E. (Ed.) (1963). ''An Anthology of Beowulf Criticism''. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press. ISBN 0268000069
   
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==Translations around the world==
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<div style="overflow:auto; height:300px; width:500px; float:left">
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<!--<div style="overflow:auto; height:200px;">-->
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{| class="itemtable" style="color:#6f3d0b; border:2px solid #FFF; border-top: 0; text-align:left; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft:8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright:8px; -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius:8px; -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:8px;" bgcolor="#edeeff"
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| width="300" |'''Foreign Language'''
  +
| width="300" |'''Translated name'''
  +
|-
  +
|Afrikaans
  +
|Beowulf: Die Monsters en die kritici
  +
|-
  +
|Albanian
  +
|Beowulf: Përbindësha dhe kritikët
  +
|-
  +
|Amharic
  +
|በኦዉልፍ: ጭራቆች እና ተቺዎች
  +
|-
  +
|Arabic
  +
|بيولف: الوحوش والنقاد
  +
|-
  +
|Armenian
  +
|Բեովուլֆ: Տեսիլքներ եւ քննադատներ
  +
|-
  +
|Azerbaijani
  +
|Beovulf: Canavarlar və tənqidçilər
  +
|-
  +
|Basque
  +
|Beowulf: Munstroak eta kritikoak
  +
|-
  +
|Belarusian Cyrillic
  +
|Беавульф: Монстры і крытыкі
  +
|-
  +
|Bengali
  +
|বেউলফ: দানব এবং সমালোচকদের
  +
|-
  +
|Bosnian
  +
|Beowulf: Čudovišta i kritičari
  +
|-
  +
|Bulgarian Cyrillic
  +
|Беоулф: Чудовищата и критиците
  +
|-
  +
|Catalan
  +
|Beowulf: Els Monstres i els crítics
  +
|-
  +
|Chinese
  +
|貝奧武夫: 怪物和评论家
  +
|-
  +
|Croatian
  +
|Beowulf: Čudovišta i kritičari
  +
|-
  +
|Czech
  +
|Beowulf: Monstra a kritici
  +
|-
  +
|Danish
  +
|Beovulf: Monstrene og Kritikerne
  +
|-
  +
|Dutch
  +
|Beowulf: De Monstertje en critici
  +
|-
  +
|Estonian
  +
|Beowulf: Koletised ja kriitikud
  +
|-
  +
|Finnish
  +
|Beowulf: Hirviöt ja kriitikot
  +
|-
  +
|French
  +
|Beowulf: Les Monstres et les Critiques
  +
|-
  +
|Galician
  +
|Beowulf: Os Monstros e os críticos
  +
|-
  +
|Georgian
  +
|ბეოვულფი: ურჩხულები და კრიტიკოსები
  +
|-
  +
|German
  +
|Beowulf: Die Ungeheuer und ihre Kritiker
  +
|-
  +
|Greek
  +
|Μπέογουλφ: Τα τέρατα και τους κριτικούς
  +
|-
  +
|Gujarati
  +
|બેઓવુલ્ફ: રાક્ષસો અને વિવેચકો
  +
|-
  +
|Haitian Creole
  +
|Beowulf: Terifye yo ak tout moun kap kritike
  +
|-
  +
|Hebrew
  +
|ביאוולף: מפלצות ומבקרים
  +
|-
  +
|Hindi
  +
|बियोवुल्फ़: राक्षस और आलोचक
  +
|-
  +
|Hungarian
  +
|Beowulf: A szörnyek és a kritikusok
  +
|-
  +
|Icelandic
  +
|Bjólfskviða: Skrímsli og gagnrýnendur
  +
|-
  +
|Indonesian
  +
|Beowulf: Monsters dan kritikus
  +
|-
  +
|Irish Gaelic
  +
|Béowulf: An Arrachtaigh agus na Criticeoirí
  +
|-
  +
|Italian
  +
|Beowulf: I Mostri e i critici
  +
|-
  +
|Japanese
  +
|ベーオウルフ: モンスターと批評家
  +
|-
  +
|Kannada
  +
|ಬಿಯೋವುಲ್ಫ್: ರಾಕ್ಷಸರ ಮತ್ತು ವಿಮರ್ಶಕರು
  +
|-
  +
|Kazakh
  +
|Құбыжықтар мен сыншылар (Cyrillic) Qubıjıqtar men sınşılar (Latin)
  +
|-
  +
|Korean
  +
|베오울프: 괴물과 비평가들
  +
|-
  +
|Kyrgyz Cyrillic
  +
|Бэовулф: Жаныбарларын жана сынчылар
  +
|-
  +
|Latin
  +
|Beowulfus: Monstra et criticis
  +
|-
  +
|Latvian
  +
|Beovulfs: Monstriem un kritiķi
  +
|-
  +
|Lithuanian
  +
|Beovulfas: Monstrai ir kritikai
  +
|-
  +
|Macedonian Cyrillic
  +
|Беовулф: Чудовиштата и критичарите
  +
|-
  +
|Malaysian
  +
|Beowulf: Raksasa tersebut dan pengkritik-pengkritik
  +
|-
  +
|Maltese
  +
|Beowulf: Il-Mostri u l-kritiċi
  +
|-
  +
|Marathi
  +
|बियोवुल्फ़: राक्षस आणि समीक्षक
  +
|-
  +
|Nepalese
  +
|बेओवुल्फ़: राक्षसहरू र आलोचकहरू
  +
|-
  +
|Norwegian
  +
|Beowulf: Monstre og kritikerne
  +
|-
  +
|Persian
  +
|بیوولف: هیولا و منتقدان
  +
|-
  +
|Polish
  +
|Beowulf: Potwory i krytycy
  +
|-
  +
|Portuguese
  +
|Beowulf: Os Monstros e os críticos
  +
|-
  +
|Punjabi
  +
|ਬੀਉਲਫਾਲ: ਦਿ ਮੋਨੇਸਟਰ ਐਂਡ ਦਿ ਕ੍ਰਿਟੀਕਸ
  +
|-
  +
|Romanian
  +
|Beowulf: Monstrii și criticii
  +
|-
  +
|Russian
  +
|Беовульф: Монстры и критики
  +
|-
  +
|Serbian
  +
|Беовулф: Чудовишта и критичари (Cyrillic) Čudovišta i kritičari (Latin)
  +
|-
  +
|Scottish Gaelic
  +
|Beowulf: Na h-Uilebheistean agus na Luchd-càineadh
  +
|-
  +
|Sinhalese
  +
|බෙයොල්ෆ්: යක්ෂයෝ සහ විවේචකයන්
  +
|-
  +
|Slovak
  +
|Beowulf: Monštrá a kritici
  +
|-
  +
|Slovenian
  +
|Beowulf: Pošasti in kritiki
  +
|-
  +
|Spanish
  +
|Beowulf: Los Monstruos y los críticos
  +
|-
  +
|Swedish
  +
|Beowulf: Monstren och kritikerna
  +
|-
  +
|Tamil
  +
|பெஒ௰உல்பு: அரக்கர்களும், விமரிசகர்கள் ?
  +
|-
  +
|Telugu
  +
|బేవుల్ఫ్: మాన్స్టర్స్ మరియు విమర్శకులు
  +
|-
  +
|Thai
  +
|เบวูล์ฟ สัตว์ประหลาดและนักวิจารณ์
  +
|-
  +
|Turkish
  +
|Beowulf: Canavarlar ve eleştirmenler
  +
|-
  +
|Ukrainian Cyrillic
  +
|Беовульф: Монстри і критики
  +
|-
  +
|Vietnamese
  +
|Beowulf: Quái vật và các nhà phê bình
  +
|-
  +
|Welsh
  +
|Beowulf: Y Bwystfilod a'r Beirniaid
  +
|-
  +
|Urdu
  +
|بیولفول: راکشسوں اور ناقدین
  +
|-
  +
|Uzbek
  +
|Беовулф: Ҳайвонлар ва танқидчилар (Cyrillic) Beovulf: Hayvonlar va tanqidchilar (Latin)
  +
|-
  +
|Yiddish
  +
|בעאָווולף: די מאָנסטערס און די קריטיקס
  +
|}
  +
  +
</div>
  +
{{Clear}}
 
[[Category:Texts by J. R. R. Tolkien]]
  
[[Category:Texts by J. R. R. Tolkien]]
 
[[Category:Real World]]
  
[[Category:Real World]]

Revision as of 23:17, 26 May 2019

Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics is an important 1936 lecture given by J. R. R. Tolkien on the subject of Beowulf criticism. It was published in 1983 in The Monsters and the Critics.

This paper is widely regarded as a formative work in early 20th century Beowulf studies; some claim that without it, the poem, Beowulf, might not be studied today. In this talk, Tolkien speaks against critics who play down the fantastic elements of the poem (Grendel, Grendel's Mother, the dragon, etc.) in favor of using Beowulf solely as a source for Anglo-Saxon history. Tolkien argues that rather than being merely extraneous, these elements are key to the narrative and should be the focus of study. Later critics who disagreed with Tolkien on this point have routinely had to cite him and systematically defend their arguments.

This lecture is available in several book forms including:

Nicholson, Lewis E. (Ed.) (1963). An Anthology of Beowulf Criticism. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press. ISBN 0268000069

Translations around the world

Foreign Language Translated name
Afrikaans Beowulf: Die Monsters en die kritici
Albanian Beowulf: Përbindësha dhe kritikët
Amharic በኦዉልፍ: ጭራቆች እና ተቺዎች
Arabic بيولف: الوحوش والنقاد
Armenian Բեովուլֆ: Տեսիլքներ եւ քննադատներ
Azerbaijani Beovulf: Canavarlar və tənqidçilər
Basque Beowulf: Munstroak eta kritikoak
Belarusian Cyrillic Беавульф: Монстры і крытыкі
Bengali বেউলফ: দানব এবং সমালোচকদের
Bosnian Beowulf: Čudovišta i kritičari
Bulgarian Cyrillic Беоулф: Чудовищата и критиците
Catalan Beowulf: Els Monstres i els crítics
Chinese 貝奧武夫: 怪物和评论家
Croatian Beowulf: Čudovišta i kritičari
Czech Beowulf: Monstra a kritici
Danish Beovulf: Monstrene og Kritikerne
Dutch Beowulf: De Monstertje en critici
Estonian Beowulf: Koletised ja kriitikud
Finnish Beowulf: Hirviöt ja kriitikot
French Beowulf: Les Monstres et les Critiques
Galician Beowulf: Os Monstros e os críticos
Georgian ბეოვულფი: ურჩხულები და კრიტიკოსები
German Beowulf: Die Ungeheuer und ihre Kritiker
Greek Μπέογουλφ: Τα τέρατα και τους κριτικούς
Gujarati બેઓવુલ્ફ: રાક્ષસો અને વિવેચકો
Haitian Creole Beowulf: Terifye yo ak tout moun kap kritike
Hebrew ביאוולף: מפלצות ומבקרים
Hindi बियोवुल्फ़: राक्षस और आलोचक
Hungarian Beowulf: A szörnyek és a kritikusok
Icelandic Bjólfskviða: Skrímsli og gagnrýnendur
Indonesian Beowulf: Monsters dan kritikus
Irish Gaelic Béowulf: An Arrachtaigh agus na Criticeoirí
Italian Beowulf: I Mostri e i critici
Japanese ベーオウルフ: モンスターと批評家
Kannada ಬಿಯೋವುಲ್ಫ್: ರಾಕ್ಷಸರ ಮತ್ತು ವಿಮರ್ಶಕರು
Kazakh Құбыжықтар мен сыншылар (Cyrillic) Qubıjıqtar men sınşılar (Latin)
Korean 베오울프: 괴물과 비평가들
Kyrgyz Cyrillic Бэовулф: Жаныбарларын жана сынчылар
Latin Beowulfus: Monstra et criticis
Latvian Beovulfs: Monstriem un kritiķi
Lithuanian Beovulfas: Monstrai ir kritikai
Macedonian Cyrillic Беовулф: Чудовиштата и критичарите
Malaysian Beowulf: Raksasa tersebut dan pengkritik-pengkritik
Maltese Beowulf: Il-Mostri u l-kritiċi
Marathi बियोवुल्फ़: राक्षस आणि समीक्षक
Nepalese बेओवुल्फ़: राक्षसहरू र आलोचकहरू
Norwegian Beowulf: Monstre og kritikerne
Persian بیوولف: هیولا و منتقدان
Polish Beowulf: Potwory i krytycy
Portuguese Beowulf: Os Monstros e os críticos
Punjabi ਬੀਉਲਫਾਲ: ਦਿ ਮੋਨੇਸਟਰ ਐਂਡ ਦਿ ਕ੍ਰਿਟੀਕਸ
Romanian Beowulf: Monstrii și criticii
Russian Беовульф: Монстры и критики
Serbian Беовулф: Чудовишта и критичари (Cyrillic) Čudovišta i kritičari (Latin)
Scottish Gaelic Beowulf: Na h-Uilebheistean agus na Luchd-càineadh
Sinhalese බෙයොල්ෆ්: යක්ෂයෝ සහ විවේචකයන්
Slovak Beowulf: Monštrá a kritici
Slovenian Beowulf: Pošasti in kritiki
Spanish Beowulf: Los Monstruos y los críticos
Swedish Beowulf: Monstren och kritikerna
Tamil பெஒ௰உல்பு: அரக்கர்களும், விமரிசகர்கள் ?
Telugu బేవుల్ఫ్: మాన్స్టర్స్ మరియు విమర్శకులు
Thai เบวูล์ฟ สัตว์ประหลาดและนักวิจารณ์
Turkish Beowulf: Canavarlar ve eleştirmenler
Ukrainian Cyrillic Беовульф: Монстри і критики
Vietnamese Beowulf: Quái vật và các nhà phê bình
Welsh Beowulf: Y Bwystfilod a'r Beirniaid
Urdu بیولفول: راکشسوں اور ناقدین
Uzbek Беовулф: Ҳайвонлар ва танқидчилар (Cyrillic) Beovulf: Hayvonlar va tanqidchilar (Latin)
Yiddish בעאָווולף: די מאָנסטערס און די קריטיקס
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