The Hobbit (1977 animated film)

The Hobbit (1977 animated film) is a 1977 American animated television special, directed by Jules Bass and Arthur Rankin Jr. and is based on J.R.R. Tolkien's book The Hobbit.

Plot
Bilbo Baggins the Hobbit is smoking outside when suddenly Gandalf the wizard appears and tells him he wants to hire a burglar. With him are thirteen dwarves; Thorin, Dwalin, Balin, Kili, Fili, Dori, Nori, Ori, Oin, Gloin, Bifur, Bofur, and Bombur. After they eat, they explain to Bilbo that the evil dragon Smaug stole their treasure in the Lonely Mountain, and they need Bilbo to take it back for them.

They set out next morning, and seek shelter from a storm in a forest, where they see three trolls. Thorin tells Bilbo to steal some meat from them; however, the trolls catch them and try to eat them, until Gandalf returns and the sunrises, turning the three trolls to stone. Bilbo finds their cave and Gandalf and Thorin each take a sword. Bilbo also takes a smaller sword. Gandalf suspects that the trolls might have stolen them. He also gives Thorin the map of Lonely Mountain (Erebor) and the key to the secret passage into the mountain.

They then arrive at Rivendell (Imladris), the city of the Elves, where Elrond gives them food. He says that Gandalf's sword is called Glamdring the Foe-Hammer, and Thorin's sword is called Orcrist the Goblin Cleaver, and that they are elven blades. He holds the map up to the moon, revealing the moon letters on it, that says to stand by the grey stone when the thrush knocks in order to see the secret passage. Afterward, they continue their journey, but are caught in another storm and seek shelter in a cave. Once inside, Gandalf disappears again, and the ponies are stolen by goblins. Bilbo and the dwarves try to save the ponies but are also captured by the goblins. The Great Goblin tries to eat Thorin for carrying Orcrist the Goblin Cleaver, but is killed by Gandalf. They continue through the cave, but Bilbo falls into a hole.

Bilbo wakes up in a cave, where a dark creature named Gollum is. After finding a golden ring on the ground, Bilbo is challenged to a riddle contest by Gollum; If Bilbo wins, Gollum shows him the way out. If Gollum wins, he gets to eat Bilbo. After a few riddles, Bilbo asks what he has in his pocket. Gollum is unable to answer, and loses, but first decides to show Bilbo his ring, only to find it missing. By the time he returns, Bilbo puts the ring on and turns invisible. Gollum thinks Bilbo knows the way out and goes to head him off. Bilbo follows him and runs past him (he has the chance to kill him here, but doesn't) out of the cave.

After meeting up with Gandalf and the dwarves, Bilbo continues his journey with them only to run into Goblins and Wargs. They are chased up a tree, and the goblins set the trees on fire, but eagles rescue them. The Lord of the Eagles did so because Gandalf healed him from an arrow-wound a long time ago. The eagles take them to the edge of Mirkwood, and it is here that Gandalf leaves them, leaving Bilbo in charge and instructing him to write a log.

Wandering through Mirkwood, Bilbo and the dwarves are captured by spiders, but Bilbo escapes by killing a spider with his sword, and then names his sword Sting. He finds the dwarves and cuts them free, killing a spider with a rock, and then they run from the spiders. Bilbo stays behind to put his ring on and then fight the spiders, which are forced to retreat. When Bilbo finds the dwarves, they are captured by Wood-elves. The Elvenking orders them locked away because, out of greed for the treasure, they won't tell him why they were in the forest.

After a while, Bilbo figures a way out; he steals a key from a drunken guard to get them out of their prison cells, and has them hide in empty barrels, with him riding on top of one, along the river, out of Mirkwood and toward Laketown, where Thorin introduces himself as the grandson of the king under the mountain. Bard the guardsman and his men give them food, and they continue toward the end of their journey, at the Lonely Mountain.

Bilbo finds the secret door while the thrush knocks, and Thorin unlocks it with the key. Bilbo enters to steal treasure from Smaug, and puts the ring on to avoid being seen. He speaks in riddles to him, and observes that he has a weakness; a scale on his chest is missing. Bilbo takes off the ring before he leaves, taking a cup with him, and Smaug breathes fire at him. He believes Bilbo to be from Laketown, and goes there to destroy it in revenge. A thrush, at Bilbo's command, tells Bard of Smaug's weakness, and Bard shoots Smaug with his black arrow, killing him, but destroying Laketown in the process.

Bard leads an army of men to the Lonely Mountain to inform Bilbo and the dwarves that Smaug is dead and that he has been made king, and requests a share of the treasure to help rebuild Laketown. Bilbo is willing to do this, as there is enough for all of them, but Thorin refuses. The Elvenking and his army arrive, also with the intent of getting treasure, and a three-way war is declared between dwarves, elves, and men. The dwarves seem outnumbered until Balin informs Thorin that an army of dwarves led by his cousin Dain is coming.

Just when the three armies meet up to battle, Gandalf appears and tells them that an army of goblins is coming. Thorin, Bard, and the Elvenking join forces to fight the goblins, however they are at a disadvantage until the eagles show up, making it a " Battle of the Five Armies". All the goblins are killed; however six of the original thirteen dwarves are killed, including Bombur. Thorin is mortally wounded, and dies of his injuries, but parts with Bilbo in friendship.

With his share of the treasure, Bilbo goes back to the Shire with Gandalf, who says that this was only the beginning. The movie ends with the ring on Bilbo's mantle.

Differences from the book

 * Gandalf using his voice to trick the trolls into arguing is cut; indeed, the scene makes it appear as if Gandalf used a magic spell to make the sun come out.
 * Gollum's three guesses at what is in Bilbo's pocket are cut.
 * The characters of Beorn and Bolg are cut.
 * The scene where the dwarves stray off the path (prior to being captured by spiders) is cut, as is the scene where Bombur is knocked into the black water by a deer.
 * Thorin is with the dwarves when Bilbo saves them from the spiders, and is captured by wood-elves at the same time as they are.
 * The Arkenstone is cut.
 * In the book, only Thorin, Kili, and Fili were killed in the Battle of Five Armies, however in the movie seven dwarves (including Thorin) are killed. It is presumed that two of these are Kili and Fili, and Bombur is clearly shown dying at the end. It is unknown who the other three are, though because Kili and Fili are in pairs; it is likely that these three were Dori, Nori, and Ori.
 * It is interesting to note that aside from Thorin, the only dwarves who ever speak are Balin, Bombur, and Dori. The exception is one line from Dwalin before Bilbo enters the Lonely Mountain and Fili and Kili can be heard speaking near the beginning.
 * Balin and Gandalf's visit, years later, is omitted.
 * All the Dwarves show up with Gandalf all at once in the film, rather than arriving in groups the day after Gandalf meets Bilbo and puts a mark on his door.
 * The Company leaves Bilbo's house on ponies, but after that the ponies are not seen until they are lost in crossing the Misty Mountains. In the book, the company rode ponies from Bag End to Rivendell.
 * Bilbo is noticed by the Trolls as he sneaks up to steal some meat rather than disclosed by the Troll's "talking" purse.
 * The Dwarves flee in terror from the Trolls and are picked up one at a time instead of walking blindly into the camp and being ambushed (except for Thorin, who puts up a fight).
 * Gandalf apparently has the power to make the dawn come earlier to dispatch the Trolls, rather than tricking the Trolls by throwing his voice.
 * The Troll cave does not have a locked door.
 * Gandalf gives Thorin Thrór's map of Lonely Mountain and the key to Smaug's hideout in the troll cave rather than back at Bag End.
 * Up in the mountains, there are no stone giants playing games amidst the storm.
 * Gandalf is missing in the cave, rather than sleeping, when the goblins emerge. The Dwarves are not grabbed, but run into the tunnel.
 * The Dwarves do not fight the goblins in the tunnel.
 * Bilbo specifically asked Gollum what he has in his pocket rather than muttering it aloud to himself. Gollum does not even try to guess, instead of demanding three guesses. Only four riddles are said in the film (there were ten in the book). It is presumed these riddles took place, but were merely cut from the film.
 * Bilbo pulls the ring out of his pocket after Gollum says he is looking for his "golden ring, magic ring".
 * Bilbo has no trouble getting out the back door (no goblins to sneak by or tight spots to fit through).
 * Rather than meet the Wargs in the forest, the goblins come with them, riding on them and wielding torches (despite the Wargs' fear of fire in the book).
 * The Great Eagles do not take the company to their eyries, but to the edge of Mirkwood, bypassing Beorn (who does not appear in the film).
 * The incident at the enchanted river, including Bombur's magical sleep, is omitted.
 * The feasts of the Wood-elves are omitted (yet are referred to when the Wood-elves capture the Dwarves).
 * The scene in which they stray off the path is cut, fading straight from Bilbo looking above the trees to when he wakes up being attacked by a spider.
 * Bilbo has to fight and kill only four spiders rather than dozens and dozens. Bilbo's sword, Sting, always glows in the film regardless of whether goblins are nearby or not.
 * Thorin is captured with the other Dwarves by the spiders and then the Wood-elves.
 * There is no stop-over from the journey via barrels from the Wood-elves' castle to Laketown.
 * There is no Master in Laketown; Bard the guardsman runs the city.
 * The Company does not make camp at the base of the mountain.
 * Balin does not go with Bilbo into the Secret door.
 * Bilbo has only one audience with Smaug and the thrush is present. Bilbo orders the thrush to seek Bard to tell him of Smaug's weakness.
 * The Arkenstone and all that goes with it are omitted. In this instance, Thorin loses respect for Bilbo out of feeling the latter will never understand honour and war.
 * Roäc the raven is omitted. In the book, the ravens tell the Dwarves that Smaug is slain and is sent to Dain to call for assistance. In the film, the Dwarves wait, lost inside the Lonely Mountain, for a week, and it is never explained why Dain arrives at such an opportune moment.
 * The Company discovers the two armies coming when they are on the doorstep, rather than being warned in advance.
 * Thorin and the dwarves plan a suicidal last stand against the Elves and Men in a pitched battle outside the mountain and are pleasantly surprised when Dain's army arrives.
 * Ravenhill is not mentioned.
 * The armies in the Battle of the Five Armies are divided differently (Bilbo counts the Goblins and Wargs as one army, the Eagles are counted as a separate army).
 * Beorn is not present in the Battle of Five Armies. Also, Bolg is never mentioned nor seen.
 * Most of the return journey, including winter at Beorn's home, a stop at Rivendell, and digging up gold they buried by the troll camp, is omitted.
 * The auction back at Bag End is omitted.

Critical reaction
The film was first broadcast on NBC in the United States, on November 27, 1977, and was tailored to children: the story was done in a very light-hearted style, and featured a lot of songs (most of which came from the book). Much of the story was simplified and several key parts are omitted.

The art is both praised and criticized. Some reviewers regard it as a strong point of the film. Rankin-Bass' traditionally cel-animated works were animated by the Japanese studio Top Craft, which was formed in 1972 as an offshoot of Toei Animation. Many Top Craft staffers, including the studio's founder Toru Hara (who was credited in some of Rankin/Bass' specials), would go on to join Studio Ghibli and work on Hayao Miyazaki's feature films.

The perceived accuracy of the resultant artwork varies with respect to the original book, with some scenes closely derived from written sources and previous illustrations. More creative license was taken with character illustrations: Gandalf has a hood instead of a hat; Gollum looks more "frog-like" in appearance than is described in the books, although Brother Theodore voice-work is generally praised. Elrond has a beard, although Elves do not generally grow beards in the books; and the Wood-elves, rather than being the "fair folk," are even uglier than the goblins (and the Elvenking has a thick German accent for some reason). Smaug is extremely hairy for being a dragon, due to a literal interpretation of his being described as "cat-like".

In 1978, Romeo Muller won a Peabody Award for his teleplay for The Hobbit. The film was also nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, but lost to Star Wars.

Cast

 * Orson Bean as Bilbo
 * Richard Boone as Smaug
 * Hans Conried as Thorin
 * John Huston as Gandalf
 * Otto Preminger as the Elvenking
 * Cyril Ritchard as Elrond
 * Brother Theodore as Gollum
 * Paul Frees as Bombur and Troll 1 (presumed to be Bert)
 * Jack de Leon as the other dwarves and goblins
 * Don Messick as Balin, Troll 3 (presumed to be William), a goblin, and the Lord of the Eagles
 * John Stephenson as Dori, the Great Goblin, and Bard
 * Thurl Ravenscroft as a goblin and background voice