Witch-king of Angmar

"King of Angmar long ago, Sorcerer, Ringwraith, Lord of the Nazgûl, a spear of terror in the hand of Sauron, shadow of despair."

- Gandalf

The Witch-king was once a human king that was corrupted by one of the nine Rings of Power given to the lords of men by Sauron in the Second Age. He and the eight other lords of men received incredible power from the rings, which they used to further their own ambitions, but eventually the Rings completely corrupted them and turned them into the ghostly, undead Nazgûl, slaves to the will of Sauron.

The Second and Third Ages
The first sighting of the Nazgûl in Middle-earth was reported in SA 2251. For the next 1200 years, the Lord of the Nazgul would serve Sauron as his second in command. He fought in the war against the Last Alliance of Elves and Men between SA 3434 and SA 3441. It was in 3441 that Sauron was defeated by Isildur and the nine Nazgûl disappeared from Middle-Earth.

One thousand years into the Third Age, Sauron took a new form as the Necromancer, and founded the fortress of Dol Guldur in southern Mirkwood in TA 1050. This signaled the return of the Nine Nazgûl to Middle-earth.

The Lord of the Nazgûl reappeared in TA 1300 in the north near the lost realm of Arnor. There he founded the kingdom of Angmar. It is after the formation of Angmar and several conflicts with the Dúnedain of the North that the Lord of the Nazgûl received the title of Witch-king, Lord of Angmar.A great creature thought to ally and answer the witchking's call was Gulavhar,The Terror of Arnor

He then began his open war campaign with the three divided kingdoms of Arnor (Arthedain, Rhudaur, and Cardolan). In TA 1409, the Witch-king invaded the kingdom of Rhudaur and Cardolan and eventually destroyed both kingdoms. Soon, the only resistance against the Witch-king's forces was the western kingdom of Arthedain. The Witch-king continued his war for hundreds of years. In 1636, the Witch-king sent wights to the Barrow-downs in Cardolan in order to prevent the rebirth of the kingdom. The Witch-king claimed ultimate victory in the north in TA 1974, when his forces captured Fornost Erain, the capital of Arthedain. With its capture, the final kingdom collapsed, and with it, the last remnants of the lost realm of Arnor were destroyed.

The Witch-king gladly took his seat of power in the newly captured Fornost. But his glory did not last long, for in 1975, general Eärnur of Gondor landed at the harbors of Mithlond, leading an army of Gondorians. His army was joined by the Elves of Lindon and the remnant of the northern Dúnedain and marched on the Witch-king.

They did not meet the Witch-king at Fornost, but on the plains west of it toward Lake Evendim, home of the ancient kings of Arnor, Annúminas. The battle would forever be known as the Battle of Fornost. Eärnur's Dúnedain army was later joined in the mists of battle by Glorfindel and his Elven army from Rivendell. The combined forces of Elves and Men brought utter defeat to the Witch-king and his forces. After the battle, the Witch-king fled south to Mordor and his kingdom of Angmar without an able leader, was destroyed. The Witch-king revealed himself and challenged Eärnur. As Eärnur attempted to attack, his horse was overwhelmed with fear of the Nazgûl lord and bucked. The Witch-king, taunting Eärnur, fled the battlefield. When Eärnur attempted to follow, Glorfindel stopped him and made his famous prophecy,
 * "Do not pursue him! He will not return to these lands. Far off yet is his doom, and not by the hand of man shall he fall."

Return to Mordor
The Witch-king deserted the ruined lands of Eriador and returned to Mordor. Although Sauron was still hiding in Dol Guldur disguised as the Necromancer, the other eight Nazgûl were present. Together, the nine of them labored to rebuild their master's power in Mordor, gathering huge Orcish hordes about themselves. In the year TA 2000, they came out of Mordor and began attacking Gondor, which was still reeling from the Great Plague. In TA 2002, they captured the eastern citadel of Gondor, Minas Ithil, and took the place for their own, renaming it Minas Morgul.

In TA 2043, King Eärnil II of Gondor passed away and his son, the Witch-king's old enemy, Eärnur inherited the throne. Upon his coronation, the Witch-king challenged him to combat, but Eärnur refused. However, seven years later in TA 2050, the Witch-king again challenged him, this time he accepted. Eärnur rode out of Minas Tirith to meet the Witch-king in Minas Morgul. He entered the city's gates and was never seen again, thus ending the reign of the Gondorian Kings and causing the beginning of the ruling Stewards of Gondor.

No more than twelve years after the siege of Minas Ithil, Osgiliath was next in the Witch-king's line of sight. He led hordes of orcs and Haradrim against the city. The city had already been devastated centuries before by a plague, and the Witch-king's forces ruined what remained of the city and destroyed the great bridge linking the east and west banks of the Anduin river. This was a devastating blow to the morale of Gondor.

In TA 2941, the Necromancer was finally expelled from Dol Guldur when Gandalf confirmed that he truly was Sauron in disguise. Sauron returned to Mordor and began preparations to find his One Ring. He began the reconstruction of Barad-dûr in TA 2951 and sent three Ringwraiths to re-capture Dol Guldur. And in TA 3018, with the capture of Gollum, Sauron learned, through torture, where the land of the Hobbits lay. Unfortunately, Gollum had lied, and the Ringwraiths went to Saruman, who refused to tell them the location of the land of the Halflings. The Witch King chanced upon Grima Wormtongue in Rohan, who, for fear of his life, told the Nazgûl where the Shire was. In the movies, Sauron learns the location of the Ring from two words uttered by tortured Gollum, "the Shire...Baggins." Sauron opened the gates of Minas Morgul and sent forth the Witch-king and the other Nazgul disguised as Black Riders to fetch his Ring.

With an attack on Osgiliath that was in fact a ruse, the Nazgûl were able to cross the river and ride west.

The War of the Ring
The Witch-king and the other eight Nazgûl rode swiftly from Mordor to the lands of the Shire. They continued to search for "Baggins" until they tracked him to Buckland. The Nine Riders raided Buckland but could not find the Ring.

The Witch-king led four other Nazgûl to Weathertop where they discovered Frodo, Aragorn, and the other hobbits. The Ringwraiths attacked the party and the Witch-king wounded Frodo with a Morgul blade. Though successfully driven off by Isildur's heir, Strider, Frodo's wound threatened to turn him into a wraith like the Nazgûl. Elrond of Rivendell sent Glorfindel (Arwen in the film) to guide Frodo to Rivendell where Elrond could heal his wound. Glorfindel's race to Rivendell lured the Ringwraiths into the Bruinen. Here, Elrond and Gandalf the Grey released a great flood in the form of horses made out of water. This flood killed the horses of the Ringwraiths and sent them back to their master in Mordor, buying the Fellowship time to plan an attack.

With their return to Mordor, Sauron bestowed the Nazgûl with fell beasts, great winged beasts as their new mounts. Sauron used the lesser eight Nazgûl for reconnaissance work and the occasional shock troop. The Witch-king, however, returned to Minas Morgul and reassumed the role of commander of Sauron's forces. He then began battles to capture Osgiliath, finally issuing from Morgul with a great host. But at the bridge over Morgulduin he pauses, feeling the Ring nearby; until Frodo touches the Phial and turns aside his enemy's thought.

At the battle of Minas Tirith he appears on a black horse, lifting a sword that casts a shadow of utter paralysis and fear upon defender and foe. He cries thrice in a forgotten tongue as Grond swings thrice, and the Gate of Gondor is blasted by earth-lightning. He rides in, to find the way blocked by Gandalf the White. There is a duel of words between them, and the Witch-king doffs his hood revealing a crown on empty air, mocking Gandalf as "old fool" and bidding him die, and flames run down his blade. But Gandalf is utterly unaffected. Before the two can clash the horns of Rohan sound, and the Witch-king withdraws to summon his Fell Beast.

In the movie the Witch-king breaks Gandalf's staff and sends him flying off his horse, Shadowfax. Many questions have been raised on how the Witch-king should not be a mere match for Gandalf the White, as he is only derived from the race of men. But no certain decision is made on how the Witch-king would fare in a battle between himself and Gandalf, especially as he is filled at that moment with all Sauron's power from afar. The fight could not be determined between them, as the sound of Rohan horns gave the Witch-king a new threat to consider; this forces him to fly away from Minas Tirith, to the Pelennor Fields, where he would soon meet his end.

Siege of Gondor
"Send forth all legions, do not stop the attack until the city is taken." -Witch-king of Angmar

The final battle for Osgiliath was fought on March 13, TA 3019 of the Third Age against Faramir's rangers. Faramir's forces could not hold the Orc hordes under the control of Gothmog. Faramir pulled his forces back to Minas Tirith assailed by flying Nazgûl, losing much of his forces in the retreat. A second time he went forth, and from that assault only Faramir returned to Minas Tirith, gravely wounded, in Gandalf's arms. With Gondor's defeat at Osgiliath, nothing stood in the way of Sauron's ambitions of destroying Minas Tirith and the Free People's hopes.

On March 14, orcs, Haradrim, and Easterling forces numbering over 200,000 marched on the gates of Minas Tirith. Sauron had bestowed the Witch-king with newfound strength, making his might the greatest it ever had been. Equipped with new armor, he rode in, leading the army to the gates. Before dawn on the 15th, the great battering-ram Grond and [in the book] the Witch-king also used his magic to break the city's main gate as well as Grond, and the Witch-king rode into the city unchallenged, save by Gandalf. Before Gandalf's strength was put to the test, however, the cock crowed and the horns of Rohan were heard as around 6,000 of their riders joined the battle. This forced the Witch-king to ride out to face this new threat.

Downfall of the Witch-king
The Witch-king mounted his fell beast and began slaughtering the Rohirrim. Théoden attempted to rally his troops to form a resistance against him. The Witch-king responded by personally intervening in the fray involving the Rohirrim King. Flying on the back of his fell beast, he drove upon Théoden. The advancing Rohirrim's horses panicked as his beast attacked. Théoden's horse, Snowmane, became frightened and was struck by an arrow and fell upon its master.

As the Witch-king hovered over Théoden, Éowyn and the hobbit Merry stood in his way.
 * "Begone, foul dwimmerlaik, lord of carrion! Leave the dead in peace!"
 * "Come not between the Nazgul and his prey! Or he will not slay thee in thy turn. He will bear thee away to the houses of lamentation, beyond all darkness, where thy flesh shall be devoured, and thy shrivelled mind be left naked to the Lidless Eye."
 * "Do what you will, but I will hinder it, if I may."
 * "Hinder me? Thou fool. No living man may hinder me!"
 * "But no living man am I! You look upon a woman. Éowyn I am, Eomund's daughter. You stand between me and my lord and kin. Begone, if you be not deathless! For living or dark undead, I will smite you, if you touch him."

Éowyn slew his fell beast in a single strike. The Witch-king arose filled with malice and attacked. Though a powerful warrior, Éowyn was no match for the Witch-king's might. With a single blow of his flail (mace in the book), he shattered her shield and broke her left arm.

As he towered over her, preparing to deliver the final blow, Merry rushed behind him and plunged his sword into the back of Witch-king's knee. The sword, made in Westernesse years ago, broke the spell that kept the Witch-king alive, making it possible for Eowyn to drive her sword into his face, causing him to wither and pass away from this world.

The prophecy of Glorfindel so many centuries before had finally come to pass. For not by the hands of a "man" had he fallen, but by those of a woman and a hobbit. With his death, the tide of the battle had changed and ultimately the outcome. No more than ten days later, Sauron himself was finally destroyed when the One Ring was finally cast back into the fires of Mount Doom.

In the Books

 * The Fellowship of the Ring
 * The Two Towers
 * The Return of the King

In the Movies

 * The Fellowship of the Ring
 * The Two Towers (cameo)
 * The Return of the King

In Video Games

 * Lord of the Rings: Conquest
 * Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle Earth
 * Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle Earth 2
 * Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle Earth 2 Rise of the Witch-King

Broad Sword
The Witch-king is a powerful warrior, and his weapons match his strength and skill. When entering a battle, one of his primary weapons is his mighty broad sword. This ancient weapon was created in the dark forges of Mordor, a mighty blade that suited the Witch-king well. Whether he was out searching for the hobbit with his master's one Ring, or battling the forces of Gondor and Rohan at the Battle of Pelennor Fields, the Witch-king used his mighty blade to dispatch and cut down his enemies easily and powerfully.

It is possible that the sword has some fell magic entwined within it. In the movies, the Witch-king confronted Gandalf the White and Pippin up in the higher levels of Minas Tirith. He drew out his sword, which immediately burst into flame, a spell which eventually shattered Gandalf's staff. This fiery broad sword is used again apparently in The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age, when he is attacking Eowyn and Berethor's party, who has joined with Eowyn against the mighty Lord of the Nazgul.

Mace/Flail
The Witch-king's other primary weapon is his mace. The Lord of the Nazgûl uses this weapon with the same amount of skill and dexterity as his sword, able to take down several foes at once when using both in conjunction. While the mace may not have any magic or curse placed on it like the sword does, it is obviously more powerful in general; a mighty weapon that can shatter shields and/or knock enemies out cold in one swing. Together with his sword, the Witch-king is an unstoppable force, a mighty warrior that was only slain with the combined efforts of an extremely lucky shieldmaiden and hobbit whose blades were very powerful against the Witch-King specifically, a fact which was unknown to them.

In the movies, the Witch-king uses a flail instead of a mace. Although the choice of weapon is a difference, it is a relatively minor one as both mace and flail are used with equal deadliness and power in the hands of the Lord of the Nazgûl.

In the Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-Earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king, the Witch-king uses a steel scepter that appears to be a small trident instead of his mace/flail.

Morgul-Blade
The Witch-king's last and smallest weapon was in a way more powerful than any of his primaries. That was the Morgul-blade, a deadly sorcerers device that could turn any it stabbed into a lesser wraith, slave to the true Nine and Sauron. The Morgul-blade was reserved for the most powerful enemies of the Dark Lord, or for special purposes. He used it on Frodo, in an attempt to claim the Ring and punish its bearer by putting him in a state worse than death. Fortunately, though, the blade failed to complete its task. Nevertheless, the Morgul-blade is a powerful tool of destruction, with one of the most powerful curses imaginable on its blade.

Fell Beast
Besides weapons actually crafted from forges in Mordor, the Witch-king also used his Fell Beast as a method of attacking his enemies. This Fell Beast served two purposes: to take down enemy structures and catapults and to kill massive amounts of enemies at once. When the Witch-king (or indeed, any other Ringwraith) swooped down upon his enemies, they would flee in terror and attempt to save themselves (usually unsuccessfully). This Fell Beast was finally slain by Eowyn with only one or two strikes to the neck.

Behind the Scenes
The Witch-king's true name is never given, and therefore among Tolkien fans, the Witch-king is often simply called Angmar, after the name of the realm he founded and led (like how Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington who helped defeat Napoleon at Waterloo, was and is referred to as simply "Wellington"). Many fans also identify him as one of the three Black Númenóreans Tolkien stated had become Nazgûl or possibly Isilmo, a Númenórean prince and father of Tar-Minastir. In the now defunct Middle-earth Role Playing game, he was named Er-Murazor, a Númenórean prince, though this is strictly non-canonical and does not appear outside of the role playing material.

In the Battle of the Pelennor Fields, Éowyn challenges the Witch-king with the words: ''"Begone, foul dwimmerlaik, lord of carrion! Leave the dead in peace!" ''. It is supposed that the word "dwimmerlaik" is formed from the Old English words "gedwimer" (sorcery), and "lic" (corpse).

Though no character in the story uses the title Witch-king of Angmar, Tolkien does use the title in full in Appendix B in the entry for the year 1409 of the Third Age.

Game Appearances
The Witch-King appears as a boss hero in all Return of the King games as a boss, although in the PS2/XBOX/GameCube the player merely shoots his Fell-beast a number of times until it dies. He is also in the Third Age PS2 game as a Pelennor Fields boss and in the GBA game as an optional Evil commander that focuses mainly on dealing out huge amounts of damage directly.

His more notable appearance is in The Lord of the Rings: Battle for Middle-earth II: Rise of the Witch-King, which features Angmar's rise to power and eventual destruction, including new heroes such as Morgomir. It would appear based on much of Angmar's powers that the Witch-King's original sorcery was based on ice, cold, and the dead.

Roots in Norse mythology
An undead witch-king named Þráinn appears in Hrómundar saga Gripssonar. It is probable that this was Tolkien's source of inspiration. Although, another witch-king appears in Greek mythology, and is named Aeetes. What should be noted is that Aeetes' appearance bears more resemblance to the one of Angmar.